Email this article Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 1: The Impact of Measurement Differences on SE Metrics
Abstract
This paper assesses the impact of measurement differences on the spectral efficiency (SE) of distribution broadband over power lines (BPL) networks when CS2 module is applied. The broadband performance of distribution BPL networks is investigated in the 3-88 MHz frequency range when appropriate injected power spectral density limits
(IPSD limits) and uniform additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) PSD levels from the BPL literature are assumed. The impact of measurement differences on SE of the distribution BPL networks is here assessed through appropriate SE metrics. These SE metrics assessing this impact are detailed in order to act as the benchmark metrics of the countermeasures techniques against measurement differences of the companion paper.
Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. G. (2018). Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 1: The Impact of Measurement Differences on SE Metrics. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 125-184. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0076
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL TEXT (PDF)References
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Towards Modal Integration of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage Power Line Communication Channels in the Smart Grid Landscape: Model Expansion, Broadband Signal Transmission Characteristics, and Statistical Performance Metrics (Invited Paper),†ISRN Signal Processing, vol. 2012, Article ID 121628, pp. 1-17, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/sp/2012/121628/
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Towards broadband over power lines systems integration: Transmission characteristics of underground low-voltage distribution power lines,†Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 39, pp. 89-114, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb39/05.12012409.pdf
A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, “Transmission characteristics of overhead medium voltage power line communication channels,â€
IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1164-1173, Jul. 2009.
A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, “Capacity of overhead medium voltage power line communication channels,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 723-733, Apr. 2010.
A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, “Broadband transmission via underground medium-voltage power lines-Part I: transmission characteristics,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2414-2424, Oct. 2010.
A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, “Broadband transmission via underground medium-voltage power lines-Part II: capacity,â€
IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2425-2434, Oct. 2010.
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Broadband transmission characteristics of overhead high-voltage power line communication channels,â€Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 36, pp. 373-398, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb36/19.11091408.pdf
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Green Overhead and Underground Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Medium Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks: Energy-Efficient Power Control,â€Springer Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 2012 / Print ISSN 0925-5001, pp. 1-28, Oct. 2012.
H. Ferreira, L. Lampe, J. Newbury, and T. G. Swart, Power Line Communications, Theory and Applications for Narrowband and Broadband Communications over Power Lines. New York: Wiley, 2010.
K. Sharma and L. M. Saini, “Power-line communications for smart grid: Progress, challenges, opportunities and status,†Elsevier Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 67, pp. 704-751, 2017.
T. A. Papadopoulos, A. I. Chrysochos, A. ElSamadouny, N. Al-Dhahir, and G. K. Papagiannis, “MIMO-OFDM narrowband-PLC in distribution systems: Impact of power transformers on achievable data rates,â€. Elsevier Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 151, pp. 251-265, 2017.
E. O. Kontis, T. A. Papadopoulos, A. I. Chrysochos, and G. K. Papagiannis, “Measurement-Based Dynamic Load Modeling Using the Vector Fitting Technique,†IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 338-351, 2018.
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Deployment Concepts for Overhead High Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Connections with Two-Hop Repeater System: Capacity Countermeasures against Aggravated Topologies and High Noise Environments,†Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 44, pp. 283-307, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb44/13.12081104.pdf
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Broadband transmission and statistical performance properties of overhead high-voltage transmission networks,â€HindawiJournal of Computer Networks and Commun., 2012, article ID 875632, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcnc/aip/875632/
P. Amirshahi and M. Kavehrad, “High-frequency characteristics of overhead multiconductor power lines for broadband communications,†IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1292-1303, Jul. 2006.
T. Calliacoudas and F. Issa, ““Multiconductor transmission lines and cables solver,†An efficient simulation tool for plc channel networks development,†presented at the IEEE Int. Conf. Power Line Communications and Its Applications, Athens, Greece, Mar. 2002.
T. Sartenaer and P. Delogne, “Deterministic modelling of the (Shielded) outdoor powerline channel based on the multiconductor transmission line equations,†IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1277-1291, Jul. 2006.
C. R. Paul, Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines. New York: Wiley, 1994.
H. Meng, S. Chen, Y. L. Guan, C. L. Law, P. L. So, E. Gunawan, and T. T. Lie, “Modeling of transfer characteristics for the broadband power line communication channel,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1057-1064, Jul. 2004.
B. Li, D. Mansson, and G. Yang, “An efficient method for solving frequency responses of power-line networks,†Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 62, 303-317, 2015. doi:10.2528/PIERB15013008 http://www.jpier.org/pierb/pier.php?paper=15013008
M. Chaaban, K. El KhamlichiDrissi, and D. Poljak, “Analytical model for electromagnetic radiation by bare-wire structures,†Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 45, 395-413, 2012. doi:10.2528/PIERB12091102 http://www.jpier.org/pierb/pier.php?paper=12091102
Y. H. Kim, S. Choi, S. C. Kim, and J. H. Lee, “Capacity of OFDM two-hop relaying systems for medium-voltage power-line access networks,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 886-894, Apr. 2012.
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “New Coupling Schemes for Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks,†Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 71, pp. 39-54, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb71/02.16081503.pdf
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Broadband Performance Metrics and Regression Approximations of the New Coupling Schemes for Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks,†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43 – 73, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/59/pdf
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Measurement Differences, Faults and Instabilities in Intelligent Energy Systems – Part 1: Identification of Overhead High-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Network Topologies by Applying Topology Identification Methodology (TIM),†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 85 – 112, Oct. 2016. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/download/26/32
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Measurement Differences, Faults and Instabilities in Intelligent Energy Systems – Part 2: Fault and Instability Prediction in Overhead High-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks by Applying Fault and Instability Identification Methodology (FIIM),†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 113 – 142, Oct. 2016. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/27/33
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Best L1 Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximation in Overhead and Underground Medium-Voltage and Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks: Theoretical and Practical Transfer Function Determination,†Hindawi Journal of Computational Engineering, vol. 2016, Article ID 6762390, 24 pages, 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/6762390. [Online]. Available: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcengi/2016/6762390/cta/
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Power Systems Stability through Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximations – Part 2: Adaptive Number of Monotonic Sections and Performance of L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV in Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks,†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 33 – 60, Jan. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/30/35
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Power Systems Stability through Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximations – Part 1: Comparative Benchmarking of L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV in Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks,†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 2 – 32, Jan. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/29/34
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Main Line Fault Localization Methodology in Smart Grid – Part 1: Extended TM2 Method for the Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks Case,†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2-25, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/36
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Main Line Fault Localization Methodology in Smart Grid – Part 2: Extended TM2 Method, Measurement Differences and L1 Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximation for the Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks Case,†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 26-61, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/37
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Main Line Fault Localization Methodology in Smart Grid – Part 3: Main Line Fault Localization Methodology (MLFLM),†Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 62-81, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/38
P. Amirshahi and M. Kavehrad, “Medium voltage overhead powerline broadband communications; Transmission capacity and electromagnetic interference,†in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Power Line Commun. Appl., Vancouver, BC, Canada, Apr. 2005, pp. 2-6.
OPERA1, D44: Report presenting the architecture of plc system, the electricity network topologies, the operating modes and the equipment over which PLC access system will be installed, IST Integr. Project No 507667, Dec. 2005.
OPERA1, D5: Pathloss as a function of frequency, distance and network topology for various LV and MV European powerline networks. IST Integrated Project No 507667, Apr. 2005.
P. C. J. M. van der Wielen, “On-line detection and location of partial discharges in medium-voltage power cables†Ph.D. dissertation, Tech. Univ. Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, Apr. 2005. [Online]. Available: http://alexandria.tue.nl/extra2/200511097.pdf
P. C. J. M. van der Wielen, E. F. Steennis, and P. A. A. F. Wouters, “Fundamental aspects of excitation and propagation of on-line partial discharge signals in three-phase medium voltage cable systems,†IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 678-688, Aug. 2003.
M. Tang, and M. Zhai, “Research of transmission parameters of four-conductor cables for power line communication,†in Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Wuhan, China, Dec. 2008, vol. 5, pp. 1306–1309.
F. Issa, D. Chaffanjon, E. P. de la Bâthie, and A. Pacaud, “An efficient tool for modal analysis transmission lines for PLC networks development,†presented at the IEEE Int. Conf. Power Line Communications and Its Applications, Athens, Greece, Mar. 2002.
M. D’Amore and M. S. Sarto, “A new formulation of lossy ground return parameters for transient analysis of multiconductor dissipative lines,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 303-314, Jan. 1997.
M. D’Amore and M. S. Sarto, “Simulation models of a dissipative transmission line above a lossy ground for a wide-frequency range-Part I: Single conductor configuration,†IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 127-138, May 1996.
M. D’Amore and M. S. Sarto, “Simulation models of a dissipative transmission line above a lossy ground for a wide-frequency range-Part II: Multi-conductor configuration,†IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 139-149, May 1996.
N. Theethayi, “Electromagnetic interference in distributed outdoor electrical systems, with an emphasis on lightning interaction with electrified railway network,†Ph.D. dissertation, Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden, Sep. 2005, [Online]. Available: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:166746/FULLTEXT01
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Factors Influencing Broadband Transmission Characteristics of Underground Low-Voltage Distribution Networks,â€IET Commun., vol. 6, no. 17, pp. 2886-2893, Nov. 2012.
J. Anatory, N. Theethayi, and R. Thottappillil, “Power-line communication channel model for interconnected networks-Part II: Multiconductor system,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 124-128, Jan. 2009.
J. Anatory, N. Theethayi, R. Thottappillil, M. M. Kissaka, and N. H. Mvungi, “The effects of load impedance, line length, and branches in typical low-voltage channels of the BPLC systems of developing countries: transmission-line analyses,†IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 621-629, Apr. 2009.
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “A Panacea to Inherent BPL Technology Deficiencies by Deploying Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Connections with Multi-Hop Repeater Systems,†Bentham Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 30-46, 2017.
M. Gebhardt, F. Weinmann, and K. Dostert, “Physical and regulatory constraints for communication over the power supply grid,†IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 84-90, May 2003.
P. S. Henry, “Interference characteristics of broadband power line communication systems using aerial medium voltage wires,†IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 92-98, Apr. 2005.
Ofcom, “Amperion PLT Measurements in Crieff,†Ofcom, Tech. Rep., Sept. 2005.
NATO, “HF Interference, Procedures and Tools (Interférences HF, procédures et outils) Final Report of NATO RTO Information Systems Technology,†RTO-TR-ISTR-050, Jun. 2007, [Online]. Available: http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public/PubFullText/RTO/TR/RTO-TR-IST-050/$$TR-IST-050-ALL.pdf
FCC, “In the Matter of Amendment of Part 15 regarding new requirements and measurement guidelines for Access Broadband over Power Line Systems,†FCC 04-245 Report and Order, Jul. 2008.
Ofcom, “DS2 PLT Measurements in Crieff,†Ofcom, Tech. Rep. 793 (Part 2), May 2005.
Ofcom, “Ascom PLT Measurements in Winchester,†Ofcom, Tech. Rep. 793 (Part 1), May 2005.
A. G. Lazaropoulos, “Smart Energy and Spectral Efficiency (SE) of Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks – Part 2: L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV for SE against Measurement Differences in Overhead Medium-Voltage BPL Networks,†Trends in Renewable Energy, DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0077.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2018.4.2.0076
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.Copyright @2014-2024 Trends in Renewable Energy (ISSN: 2376-2136, online ISSN: 2376-2144)