The Role of Information Technology Department against the Hook Style Energy Theft in Smart Cities - Ad-Hoc Overhead Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines (OV LV BPL) Networks

Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos

Abstract


This paper investigates the possibility of detecting the hook style energy theft in the overhead low-voltage (OV LV) power grids through the hook style energy theft method (HS-DET method) when ad-hoc overhead Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines (OV LV BPL) networks are deployed by the Information Technology departments of the power utilities. Without the need for the deployment of a complete and permanent OV LV BPL network across the OV LV power grid, the impact of the deviation from the initial measurement positions and of longer ad-hoc OV LV BPL topologies on the detection efficiency of HS-DET method is assessed by using the already validated percent error sum (PES) metrics and appropriate contour plots.

Citation: Lazaropoulos, A. (2019). The Role of Information Technology Department against the Hook Style Energy Theft in Smart Cities - Ad-Hoc Overhead Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines (OV LV BPL) Networks. Trends in Renewable Energy, 5(2), 117-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2019.5.2.0093


Keywords


Smart Grid; Broadband over Power Lines (BPL); Power Line Communications (PLC); Distribution Power Grid; Energy Theft; Jamming; Robustness

Full Text:

FULL TEXT (PDF)

References


C. H. Lo, and N. Ansari, CONSUMER: A Novel Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Distribution Networks in Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 33-44, 2013.

R. Jiang, R. Lu, Y. Wang, J. Luo, C. Shen, and X. S. Shen, Energy-theft Detection Issues for Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grid, Tsinghua Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 105-120, 2014.

P. Jokar, N. Arianpoo, and V. CM Leung, Electricity Theft Detection in AMI Using Customers™ Consumption Patterns, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 216-226, 2016.

S. Salinas, M. Li, and P. Li, Privacy-preserving Energy Theft Detection in Smart Grids: A P2P Computing Approach, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 257-267, 2013.

D. R. Pereira, M. A. Pazoti, L. A. Pereira, D. Rodrigues, C. O. Ramos, A. N. Souza, and J. P. Papa, Social-Spider Optimization-based Support Vector Machines applied for energy theft detection, Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 49, pp. 25-38, 2016.

S. Salinas, M. Ming, and P. Li, Privacy-preserving Energy Theft Detection in Smart Grids, Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), 2012, in proc. 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on. IEEE, pp. 605-613, 2012.

S. McLaughlin, B. Holbert, S. Zonouz, and R. Berthier, AMIDS: A Multi-sensor Energy Theft Detection Framework for Advanced Metering Infrastructures, in Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), in proc of 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on, pp. 354-359, Nov. 2012.

P. McDaniel and S. McLaughlin, Security and Privacy Challenges in the Smart Grid, IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 75-77, 2009.

Federal Court of Audit, Operational Audit Report Held in National Agency of Electrical Energy, ANEEL, Brazil, Rep. no. TC 025.619/2007-2, Brasalia, Brazil, 2007.

Ministry of Power, India, Overview of power distribution, Tech. Rep., http://www.powermin.nic.in, 2013.

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Measurement Differences, Faults and Instabilities in Intelligent Energy Systems - Part 1: Identification of Overhead High-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Network Topologies by Applying Topology Identification Methodology (TIM), Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 85- 112, Oct. 2016. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/download/26/32

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Measurement Differences, Faults and Instabilities in Intelligent Energy Systems - Part 2: Fault and Instability Prediction in Overhead High-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks by Applying Fault and Instability Identification Methodology (FIIM), Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 113 - 142, Oct. 2016. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/27/33

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Power Systems Stability through Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximations - Part 2: Adaptive Number of Monotonic Sections and Performance of L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV in Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 33 - 60, Jan. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/30/35

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Power Systems Stability through Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximations - Part 1: Comparative Benchmarking of L1PMA, L2WPMA and L2CXCV in Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 2 - 32, Jan. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/29/34

A. N. Stefanidi, I. A. Panos, A. N. Milioudis, and G. T. Andreou, Sympathetic Tripping in a Field Case Study, In 2018 IEEE 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), pp. 1-5, Sep. 2018.

A. G. Paspatis, G. C. Konstantopoulos, T. A. Papadopoulos, and V. C. Nikolaidis, Dynamic grid voltage support from distributed energy resources during short-circuits, In 2017 IEEE 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), pp. 1-6, Aug. 2017.

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Main Line Fault Localization Methodology in Smart Grid - Part 1: Extended TM2 Method for the Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks Case, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2-25, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/36

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Main Line Fault Localization Methodology in Smart Grid - Part 2: Extended TM2 Method, Measurement Differences and L1 Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximation for the Overhead Medium-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks Case, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 26-61, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/37

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Main Line Fault Localization Methodology in Smart Grid - Part 3: Main Line Fault Localization Methodology (MLFLM), Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 62-81, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/38

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Detection of Energy Theft in Overhead Low-Voltage Power Grids - The Hook Style Energy Theft in the Smart Grid Era, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 12 - 46, Oct. 2018. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/81/pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Special Cases during the Detection of the Hook Style Energy Theft in Overhead Low-Voltage Power Grids through HS-DET Method - Part 1: High Measurement Differences, Very Long Hook Technique and Smart Hooks, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 60-89, Jan. 2019. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/82/pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Special Cases during the Detection of the Hook Style Energy Theft in Overhead Low-Voltage Power Grids through HS-DET Method - Part 2: Different Measurement Differences, Feint Smart Hooks and Hook Interconnection Issues, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 90-116, Jan. 2019. [Online]. Available: http://futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/83/pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Towards Modal Integration of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage Power Line Communication Channels in the Smart Grid Landscape: Model Expansion, Broadband Signal Transmission Characteristics, and Statistical Performance Metrics (Invited Paper),ISRN Signal Processing, vol. 2012, Article ID 121628, pp. 1-17, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/sp/2012/121628/

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Towards broadband over power lines systems integration: Transmission characteristics of underground low-voltage distribution power lines, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 39, pp. 89-114, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb39/05.12012409.pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, Transmission characteristics of overhead medium voltage power line communication channels, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1164-1173, Jul. 2009.

A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, Capacity of overhead medium voltage power line communication channels, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 723-733, Apr. 2010.

A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, Broadband transmission via underground medium-voltage power lines-Part I: transmission characteristics, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2414-2424, Oct. 2010.

A. G. Lazaropoulos and P. G. Cottis, Broadband transmission via underground medium-voltage power lines-Part II: capacity, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2425-2434, Oct. 2010.

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Broadband transmission characteristics of overhead high-voltage power line communication channels, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 36, pp. 373-398, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb36/19.11091408.pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Green Overhead and Underground Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Medium Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks: Energy-Efficient Power Control,Springer Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 2012 / Print ISSN 0925-5001, pp. 1-28, Oct. 2012.

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Deployment Concepts for Overhead High Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Connections with Two-Hop Repeater System: Capacity Countermeasures against Aggravated Topologies and High Noise Environments, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 44, pp. 283-307, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb44/13.12081104.pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Broadband transmission and statistical performance properties of overhead high-voltage transmission networks, Hindawi Journal of Computer Networks and Commun., 2012, article ID 875632, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcnc/aip/875632/

P. Amirshahi and M. Kavehrad, High-frequency characteristics of overhead multiconductor power lines for broadband communications, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1292-1303, Jul. 2006.

T. Calliacoudas and F. Issa, Multiconductor transmission lines and cables solver, An efficient simulation tool for plc channel networks development, presented at the IEEE Int. Conf. Power Line Communications and Its Applications, Athens, Greece, Mar. 2002.

T. Sartenaer and P. Delogne, Deterministic modelling of the (Shielded) outdoor powerline channel based on the multiconductor transmission line equations, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1277-1291, Jul. 2006.

C. R. Paul, Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines. New York: Wiley, 1994.

H. Meng, S. Chen, Y. L. Guan, C. L. Law, P. L. So, E. Gunawan, and T. T. Lie, Modeling of transfer characteristics for the broadband power line communication channel, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1057-1064, Jul. 2004.

B. Li, D. Mansson, and G. Yang, An efficient method for solving frequency responses of power-line networks, Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 62, 303-317, 2015. doi:10.2528/PIERB15013008 http://www.jpier.org/pierb/pier.php?paper=15013008

M. Chaaban, K. El KhamlichiDrissi, and D. Poljak, Analytical model for electromagnetic radiation by bare-wire structures, Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 45, 395-413, 2012. doi:10.2528/PIERB12091102 http://www.jpier.org/pierb/pier.php?paper=12091102

Y. H. Kim, S. Choi, S. C. Kim, and J. H. Lee, Capacity of OFDM two-hop relaying systems for medium-voltage power-line access networks, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 886-894, Apr. 2012.

P. Amirshahi and M. Kavehrad, Medium voltage overhead powerline broadband communications; Transmission capacity and electromagnetic interference, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Power Line Commun. Appl., Vancouver, BC, Canada, Apr. 2005, pp. 2-6.

M. Tang, and M. Zhai, Research of transmission parameters of four-conductor cables for power line communication, in Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Wuhan, China, Dec. 2008, vol. 5, pp. 1306 -1309.

M. D™Amore and M. S. Sarto, A new formulation of lossy ground return parameters for transient analysis of multiconductor dissipative lines, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 303-314, Jan. 1997.

M. D™Amore and M. S. Sarto, Simulation models of a dissipative transmission line above a lossy ground for a wide-frequency range-Part I: Single conductor configuration, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 127-138, May 1996.

M. D™Amore and M. S. Sarto, Simulation models of a dissipative transmission line above a lossy ground for a wide-frequency range-Part II: Multi-conductor configuration, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 139-149, May 1996.

N. Theethayi, Electromagnetic interference in distributed outdoor electrical systems, with an emphasis on lightning interaction with electrified railway network, Ph.D. dissertation, Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden, Sep. 2005, [Online]. Available: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:166746/FULLTEXT01

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Review and Progress towards the Common Broadband Management of High-Voltage Transmission Grids: Model Expansion and Comparative Modal Analysis, ISRN Electronics, vol. 2012, Article ID 935286, pp. 1-18, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/electronics/2012/935286/

A. G. Lazaropoulos, New Coupling Schemes for Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 71, pp. 39-54, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.jpier.org/PIERB/pierb71/02.16081503.pdf

A. G. Lazaropoulos, Broadband Performance Metrics and Regression Approximations of the New Coupling Schemes for Distribution Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Networks, Trends in Renewable Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43 - 73, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.futureenergysp.com/index.php/tre/article/view/59/pdf

T. C. Banwell and S. Galli, On the symmetry of the power line channel, in Proc. Int. Symp. Power-Lines Commun, pp. 325-330. 2001.

S. Galli and T. Banwell, A novel approach to the modeling of the indoor power line channel-Part II: Transfer function and its properties, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1869-1878, 2005.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2019.5.2.0093

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Copyright @2014-2025 Trends in Renewable Energy (ISSN: 2376-2136, online ISSN: 2376-2144)